[Semantic Web Theory]知识,本体的概念 |
cquzjh 发表于 2004/11/28 16:09:21 | 1) 数据, 知识 , 知识库http://computing-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/KnowLedge
knowledge - The objects, concepts and relationships that are assumed to exist in some area of interest. A collection of knowledge, represented using some knowledge representation language is known as a knowledge base and a program for extending and/or querying a knowledge base is a knowledge-based system.
Knowledge differs from data or information in that new knowledge may be created from existing knowledge using logical inference. If information is data plus meaning then knowledge is information plus processing.
A common form of knowledge, e.g. in a Prolog program, is a collection of facts and rules about some subject.
For example, a knowledge base about a family might contain the facts that John is David’s son and Tom is John’s son and the rule that the son of someone’s son is their grandson. From this knowledge it could infer the new fact that Tom is David’s grandson.
知识是可以推理的数据,也就是说有形式化的语义的数据. 知识库就是用知识表示语言表示的一个知识的集合。
2)本体,本体库,领域本体本体:共享概念模型的明确的形式化规范说明领域本体:特定领域的本体,区别与通用(即领域无关的)本体,如CYC, WordNet本体库: 一个本体集合?
所以,知识是可以用本体表示,但并不是所有知识都适合用本体表示,如不共享的知识,即Context, 或者“我的小秘密“, 不是表达概念模型的知识,如领域的具体应用相关的知识,即一些facts。
但是在OWL中,本体和知识库这两个概念的区别很模糊。因为OWL本体可以包含一些facts的声明,因为一个OWL本体实际对应于一个描述逻辑的知识库。但通常来说,应用相关的facts不包含在本体中的。
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